Groin Vault in Architecture

What is a compound vault formed by four coves meeting along diagonal vertical planes, also known as a coved vault? A. Fan Vault B. Ribbed Vault C. Cloister Vault D. Groin Vault

Final answer: A compound vault formed by four coves meeting along diagonal vertical planes is a groin vault. It is characterized by an x-shape and directed weight at the corners, allowing larger windows in Gothic architecture. Option D is correct.

A compound vault formed by four coves meeting along diagonal vertical planes is known as a groin vault. When two barrel vaults intersect at right angles, they create a characteristic x-shape in the ceiling, which is a distinctive feature of a groin vault. This x-shape allows the weight and thrust of the masonry to be concentrated along the diagonals, meaning only the corners of the vault need to be supported.

This architectural technique was further developed in the Gothic period, replacing the barrel vault, and allowed for the creation of larger window openings due to the way it directed the weight down to the corners.

In contrast, ribbed vaulting is identified by the ribs that form a webbing across the ceiling, originating from the tops of columnar ribs, and this style became more complex over time with additional tierceron and lierne ribs. Fan vaulting is an extension of this complexity, employing decorative half-conoid structures.

As such, the correct answer to the student's question is D. Groin Vault.