Understanding Even-Parity System in Data Transmission

Which data sets would be flagged as having errors in an even-parity system?

1) 1001 1011 0110 1000

2) 1001 1011 0110 1001

3) 1001 1011 0110 1010

4) 1001 1011 0110 1011

Final answer: In an even-parity system, data set 2) with 7 '1' bits and data set 3) also with 7 '1' bits would be flagged as having errors because an even number of '1' bits is expected for error-free transmission.

Explanation:

In an even-parity system that checks parity 16 bits at a time, to determine which set of data would be flagged as having an error, we count the number of '1' bits in each set. If the total number of '1' bits is odd, the parity check would fail in an even-parity system, indicating an error.

Here's the count for each set:

• 1) 1001 1011 0110 1000 - (6 '1's) - Even
• 2) 1001 1011 0110 1001 - (7 '1's) - Odd
• 3) 1001 1011 0110 1010 - (7 '1's) - Odd
• 4) 1001 1011 0110 1011 - (8 '1's) - Even

The data sets 2) and 3) each have an odd number of '1' bits and would therefore be flagged as having errors in an even-parity system.